Dynamic tunneling junctions at the atomic intersection of two twisted graphene edges. Insulator-protected mechanically controlled break junctions for measuring single-molecule conductance in aqueous environments. Fabrications of insulator-protected nanometer-sized electrode gaps. Sandwich-type gated mechanical break junctions. Break junction under electrochemical gating: testbed for single-molecule electronics. Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport. Advance of Mechanically controllable break junction for molecular electronics. Adjustable nanofabricated atomic size contacts. Structure–property relationships in atomic-scale junctions: histograms and beyond. Measurement of single-molecule resistance by repeated formation of molecular junctions. Measurement of the conductance of a hydrogen molecule. Design of an efficient multi-site single-molecule rectifier. Single-molecule electrical contacts on silicon electrodes under ambient conditions. Trasobares, J., Vuillaume, D., Théron, D. Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control. Charge transport through molecular switches. Concepts in the design and engineering of single-molecule electronic devices. Molecular-scale electronics: from concept to function. Chemical principles of single-molecule electronics. Su, T., Neupane, M., Steigerwald, M., Venkataraman, L. Single-molecule electronics: from chemical design to functional devices. A brief history of molecular electronics. Molecular Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Experiment (World Scientific, 2017). The challenge of this interdisciplinary field is to translate quantum-transport phenomena into robust electronic device functionality.Ĭuevas, J. The electron spin in molecules can be electrically addressed and has applications in switches and qubits. Sharp resonances in the electrical conductance of a molecule result in high thermoelectric efficiencies, which can be higher than values achieved in bulk materials. There are various break-junction techniques for measuring the conductance of single molecules mechanical break junctions offer excellent statistics, requiring machine-learning analysis techniques, whereas electrical break junctions offer superior gate control for detailed spectroscopy.īy carefully designing molecular junctions, the energetics can be tuned to enable the construction of molecular diodes or quantum interference devices with conductance changes of several orders of magnitude. Single-molecule junctions are model systems for the study of quantum mechanical aspects of charge transport at room temperature. In this Technical Review, we present the status of the molecular electronics field from this quantum-transport perspective with a focus on recent experimental results obtained using break-junction devices, including scanning probe and mechanically controlled break junctions, as well as electromigrated gold and graphene break junctions. The competition between these different energy scales leads to a rich variety of processes, which researchers are now starting to be able to control and tune experimentally. These quantum features are related to molecular orbital and spin degrees of freedom and are characterized by various energy scales that can be chemically and physically tuned: level spacings, charging energies, tunnel couplings, exchange energies, vibrational energies and Kondo correlation energies. Single-molecule junctions - devices in which a single molecule is electrically connected by two electrodes - enable the study of a broad range of quantum-transport phenomena even at room temperature.
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